徐睿雅剧情介绍:
墨家私学的教学内容与儒家有明显区别：他们虽然也重视道德教育，但不是教学生熟悉那些维护统治阶级利益的“仁”和“礼”，而是主张兼爱，提倡非攻，反对亲亲，主张尚贤，提倡节用、节葬、非乐、非命，主张天志、尚同等。用墨子的话说，就是希望人们学习那些符合天意民心的学问，“天之所欲则为之，天所不欲则止”[61]。
墨子既重视文史知识教育，又重视社会实践。他认为：“士虽有学，而行为本焉。”[62]因此他主张要让学生学习和掌握有利于国计民生的生产知识、军事知识和科学知识。在《墨子》一书中不仅讲到过造车、造木牛木马、造竹木飞鸟的技术，而且讲到过制造云梯、制造攻城器械的技术，甚至还讲到过不少有关数学、光学、声学、力学乃至心理学的知识。墨子是一个多才多艺的人，他也希望自己的学生努力掌握各种有用的知识，用自己平生所学造福于人民。
墨子在教学方法上也与儒家有明显区别。首先，墨子不承认有生而知之的圣人，反对孔子所讲的先验论和天命论，他说：“教人学而执有命，是犹命人葆而去其冠也。”[63]让人家学习又鼓吹聪明愚笨是天生的，就好比让人包裹其发又去掉人家的帽子一样，同样达不到目的。也就是说，鼓吹天命论是人为地为学习设置障碍，不利于调动人们学习的积极性。其次，他不同意儒家所主张的“来者不拒”的被动教育方针，而主张实行“强说人”的主动送教上门的教育方针。他说：“今夫世乱，求美女者众。美女虽不出，人多求之。今求善者寡，不强说人，人莫之知也。”[64]意思是说，“好德不如好色”，你不主动宣传正确的主张，无论国君和人民就都不了解。而且墨子主要教育农与工肆之人，因此并不摆架子，并不强调别人主动登门求教，而主张教师登门送教，用“强说人”的办法积极传播各种有用的知识，推广教育。
相关影视:徐睿雅
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